Abstract: Based on the microbiological anomaly, in combination with the regional geological data, drilling and logging data, the study on microbial prospecting of oil and gas in Zhenjing oilfield has been carried out. According to the microbiological anomaly index system, the reasons and have been discussed, which puts forward the distribution regularity and makes an evaluation on oil and gas prospects. Therefore, the oil-bearing forecast on the favorable targets has also been made out.