Abstract: There are low production and low efficiency wells in the process of oilfield development, and the quality of their treatment directly affects the economic benefits of the oilfield. According to the causes of low production and low efficiency in Q oilfield, the low production and low efficiency wells are divided into three categories: geological low efficiency, reservoir low efficiency and process low efficiency. According to the causes of formation of each type of low production and low efficiency wells, corresponding control measures are formulated, including fine geological reservoir, layer by layer tapping potential, fine residual oil research, perfection of injection and production well pattern, optimization of water injection, balance between injection and production, optimization of the working system and other measures. Field application results show that 43 low production and low efficiency wells have been treated in Q oilfield in 2017, and daily production has increased by 1 032.9 m3, which provides a certain guarantee for the sustainable development of the oilfield.