Abstract: By analyzing the characters of structure of Wu - xia fault belt of Junggar basin,we conclude that the prevailing controls over the structural characters of fault belts include base characters,tectonic dynamics,accommodation structure, episodes of structural deformation,structural superimposition. As proven by hydrocarbon exploration practices, the hydrocarbon accumulation was controlled by the structural characters.The structural evolution not only controlled source,reservoir and seal rock development;but also controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation extent and hydrocarbon reservoirs.And the times of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the main period of hydrocarbon accumulation were mainly influenced by the difference in structural segment,induced the final difference in oil and gas distribution.