Abstract: Pre–Caspian basin is one of the most abundant basins with abundant oil and gas resources in the central Asia. The pre–salt carbonate is the main reservoir in the area, which has a huge hydrocarbon exploration potential. Through comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and main controlling factors, the source rock conditions in the southern uplift are good, which has a good circle–source matching relationship and it is the foundation of the hydrocarbon accumulation. The regional uplift tectonic setting determines the advantage of hydrocarbon migration, the carboniferous reef facies and carbonate reservoir development control the hydrocarbon enrichment degree, source rock fault and unconformity surface formed in modified leaching effective hydrocarbon migration channel.